How to Buy Rhizobium

Rhizobia are soil bacteria that fix nitrogen (diazotrophy) after becoming established inside root nodules of legumes (Fabaceae). The bacteria colonize plant cells within root nodules; here the bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia and then provide organic nitrogenous compounds such as glutamine or ureides to the plant. The plant provides the bacteria with organic compounds made by photosynthesis. The Rhizobium group is studying the bacterial and legume genes involved in establishing and maintaining the symbiosis. This will provide background knowledge for use in applied objectives as well as yielding a wealth of fundamental knowledge with wide implications. Rhizobia require a plant host; they cannot independently fix nitrogen.
Bacteria of the genus Rhizobium play a very important role in agriculture by inducing nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of legumes such as peas, beans, clover and alfalfa. This symbiosis can relieve the requirements for added nitrogenous fertilizer during the growth of leguminous crops. Morphologically, they are generally gram negative, motile, non-sporulating rods. Rhizobium forms a symbiotic relationship with certain plants such as legumes. The Rhizobium fixes nitrogen from the air into ammonia, which acts as a natural fertilizer for the plants. Monoclonal antibodies directed against such plant products have been isolated and used to analyse the spatial and temporal expression of plant-made components important in the developing nodule.

The formation of nitrogen fixing nodules on legumes requires co-ordinated expression of several bacterial and plant genes. Initial stages of nodule formation require expression of specific nodulation (nod) genes by rhizobia. The nodABCFELMN gene products are involved in the synthesis of a group of signal molecules (Nod factors) that induce nodule morphogenesis.
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