Wednesday, November 30, 2011

How to Buy Azotobacter

Azotobacter is a genus of usually motile, oval or spherical bacteria that form thick-walled cysts, and may produce large quantities of capsular slime. Azotobacter Vinelandii is a free-living bacterium that can fix atmosferic nitrogen into the soil, being a great source to obtain a natural biofertilizer. It can be used in the cultivation of most crops. Beyond Azotobacter’s use as a model organism it has biotechnological applications. Azotobacter is an organism that lives in soil. It can fix nitrogen. Unlike rhizobium, azotobacter is free-living.
Azotobacter naturally fixes atmospheric nitrogen in the rhizosphere. There are different strains of Azotobacter each has varied chemical, biological and other characters. However, some strains have higher nitrogen fixing ability than others. Polyhydroxybutyrate is produced under certain conditions. Azotobacter are Gram-negative bacteria.
Azotobacter is an aerobic, free-living soil microbe which fixes nitrogen from the atmosphere. It is a great source of nitrogen to meet the needs of crops because also has the capabilities to cause a rejuvenation of soil microbiology to tap out the biological fixation of nitrogen. This cyst is a resting stage for this organism that allows it to survive in harsh conditions. This cyst has the same function as endospores in other bacteria. Examples are its use for alginate production and for nitrogen production in batch fermentations. Azotobacter nitrogenase is oxygen-sensitive, but it is believed that the extremely high respiration rate of Azotobacter (possibly the highest of any living organism) soaks up free oxygen within the cells and protects the nitrogenase.
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Tuesday, November 29, 2011

How to Buy Streptomyces

Streptomyces is the largest genus of Actinobacteria and the type genus of the family
Streptomycetaceae. Over 500 species of Streptomyces bacteria have been described.
Streptomycetes are the most widely studied and well known genus of the actinomycete
family. As with the other Actinobacteria, streptomycetes are gram-positive, and have
genomes with high GC-content. Found predominantly in soil and decaying vegetation, most
streptomycetes produce spores, and are noted for their distinct "earthy" odor which
results from production of a volatile metabolite, geosmin.
The Sanger Institute completed the sequencing of the Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) genome
in collaboration with Prof. David Hopwood of the John Innes Centre. The sequence was
generated using a clone-by-clone approach,initially using cosmids generated and mapped by
David Hopwood's group at the John Innes Centre, and latterly using a BAC library to fill
gaps and confirm the map.
Streptomycetes usually inhabit soil and are important decomposers. They also produce more
than half of the world's antibiotics, and are consequently invaluable in the medical
field. This organism is a well known producer of the anti-parasitic agent avermectin
which is widely used to rid livestock of worm and insect infestations and to protect
large numbers of people from river blindness in sub-Saharan Africa. There are also two
genome projects in the works for Streptomyces scabiei and Streptomyces ambofaciens.
Underpinning this work is a continuing investigation of the basic genetics of
streptomycetes and their accessory genetic elements, and the development of techniques of
genetic analysis and manipulation. The focal point is the model organism, Streptomyces
coelicolor A3(2).
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Monday, November 28, 2011

What is Streptomyces

Streptomyces is the largest genus of Actinobacteria and the type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae. Over 500 species of Streptomyces bacteria have been described. Streptomycetes are the most widely studied and well known genus of the actinomycete family. Streptomycetes usually inhabit soil and are important decomposers. They also produce more than half of the world's antibiotics, and are consequently invaluable in the medical field.
This organism is a well known producer of the anti-parasitic agent avermectin which is widely used to rid livestock of worm and insect infestations and to protect large numbers of people from river blindness in sub-Saharan Africa. There are also two genome projects in the works for Streptomyces scabiei and Streptomyces ambofaciens. Underpinning this work is a continuing investigation of the basic genetics of streptomycetes and their accessory genetic elements, and the development of techniques of genetic analysis and manipulation. The focal point is the model organism, Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2).
As with the other Actinobacteria, streptomycetes are gram-positive, and have genomes with high GC-content. Found predominantly in soil and decaying vegetation, most streptomycetes produce spores, and are noted for their distinct "earthy" odor which results from production of a volatile metabolite, geosmin. The Sanger Institute completed the sequencing of the Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) genome in collaboration with Prof. David Hopwood of the John Innes Centre. The sequence was generated using a clone-by-clone approach,initially using cosmids generated and mapped by David Hopwood's group at the John Innes Centre, and latterly using a BAC library to fill gaps and confirm the map.
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Thursday, November 24, 2011

Yeast for Sale

Yeast are characterized by a wide dispersion of natural habitats. Common on plant leaves and flowers, soil and salt water. Yeast are also found on the skin surfaces and in the intestinal tracts of warm-blooded animals, where they may live symbiotically or as parasites. The journal focuses on the most significant developments of research with unicellular fungi and is essential reading for those wishing to keep up to date with this rapidly moving field. The common "yeast infection" is typically Candidiasis is caused by the yeast-like fungus Candida albicans. In addition to being the causative agent in vaginal yeast infections Candida is also a cause of diaper rash and thrush of the mouth and throat. So-called red rice yeast is actually a mold, Monascus purpureus. Yeasts include some of the most widely used model organisms for genetics and cell biology.
The most well-known and commercially significant yeast are the related species and strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Many types of yeasts are used for making many foods: baker's yeast in bread production; brewer's yeast in beer fermentation; yeast in wine fermentation and for xylitol production. These organisms have long been utilized to ferment the sugars of rice, wheat, barley, and corn to produce alcoholic beverages and in the baking industry to expand, or raise, dough. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is commonly used as baker's yeast and for some types of fermentation. Yeast is often taken as a vitamin supplement because it is 50 percent protein and is a rich source of B vitamins such as niacin, folic acid, riboflavin, and biotin. The useful physiological properties of yeast have led to their use in the field of biotechnology. Fermentation of sugars by yeast is the oldest and largest application of this technology.
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Wednesday, November 23, 2011

What is Verticillium

Verticillium is a genus of fungi in the division Ascomycota, and are an anamorphic form of the Plectosphaerellaceae family. Verticillium wilt may cause wilting of all or only parts of plants (Figure 1). There is no chemical control for the disease but crop rotation, the use of resistant varieties and deep plowing, may be useful in reducing the spread and impact of the disease. The symptoms are similar to most wilts with a few specifics to Verticillium. Wilt itself is the most common symptom, with wilting of the stem and leaves occurring due to the blockage of the xylem vascular tissues and therefore reduced water and nutrient flow.
Verticillium wilt occurs in a broad range of hosts but has similar devastating effects on many of these plants. In general, it reduces the quality and quantity of a crop by causing discoloration in tissues, stunting, and premature defoliation and death. The genus used to include diverse groups comprising saprobes and parasites of higher plants, insects, nematodes, mollusc eggs and other fungi thus it can be seen that the genus used to have a wide ranging group of taxa characterised by simple but ill-defined characters.
The genus, currently thought to contain 51 species, may be broadly divided into three ecologically based groups mycopathogens entomopathogens and plant pathogens and related saprotrophs . However, recently the genus has undergone some revision into which most entomopathogenic and mycopathogenic isolates fall into a new group called Lecanicillium. The genus now includes the plant pathogenic species V. dahliae, V. albo-atrum, V. nubilium, and V. tricorpus.

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What is Clostridium

Clostridium is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, belonging to the Firmicute. Clostridium consists of around 100 species that include common free-living bacteria as well as important pathogens. They are obligate anaerobes capable of producing endospores. There are four main species responsible for disease in humans. The clostridia are opportunistic pathogens. Less life-threatening diseases include pseudomembranous colitis (PC) and food poisoning. It causes disease primarily through the production of numerous exotoxins. Individual cells are rod-shaped, which gives them their name, from the Greek kloster or spindle. Nonetheless, they are responsible for some of the deadliest diseases including gas gangrene, tetanus and botulism.
Clostridium species are Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-formers. These generally obligate anaerobes are ubiquitous saprophytes or part of our normal flora. These characteristics traditionally defined the genus, however many species originally classified as Clostridium have been reclassified in other genera. Clostridia employ butyric fermentation pathways to generate energy and, as a result, often produce a foul odor. Non-pathogenic strains of Clostridium may help in the treatment of diseases such as cancer. Research shows that Clostridium can selectively target cancer cells. Some strains can enter and replicate within solid tumours.
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Monday, November 21, 2011

Candida for Sale

Candida is a genus of yeasts. Many species of this genus are endosymbionts of animal hosts including humans. Clinically, the most significant member of the genus is Candida albicans, which can cause infections (called candidiasis or thrush) in humans and other animals, especially in immunocompromised patients. Candida are almost universal on normal adult skin and albicans is part of the normal flora of the mucous membranes of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and female genital tracts which cause no disease. Many Candida species are members of gut flora in animals, including C. albicans in mammalian hosts, whereas others live as endosymbionts in insect hosts. While usually living as commensals, some Candida species have the potential to cause disease. Antibiotics promote yeast infections, including gastrointestinal Candida overgrowth, and penetration of the GI mucosa. Many people are under the impression that only women get genital yeast infections. Regardless of gender, prolonged antibiotic use increases your risk of a yeast infection.
Candida albicans is a diploid fungus that grows both as yeast and filamentous cells and a causal agent of opportunistic oral and genital infections in humans. Systemic fungal infections (fungemias) including those by C. albicans have emerged as important causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients (e.g., AIDS, cancer chemotherapy, organ or bone marrow transplantation). C. albicans biofilms may form on the surface of implantable medical devices. In addition, hospital-acquired infections by C. albicans have become a cause of major health concerns.

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Sunday, November 20, 2011

Aeromonas for Sale

Aeromonas is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic rod that morphologically resembles members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Die mesophilen, z. B. Aeromonas hydrophila sind meist polar begei?elt und beweglich (motil), die k?lteliebenden Arten (z. B. Aeromonas salmonicida besitzen in der Regel keine Gei?eln und sind somit nicht motil.
Fourteen species of Aeromonas have been described, most of which have been associated with human diseases. The most important pathogens are A. hydrophila, A. caviae, and A. veronii biovar sobria.  Although some potential virulence factors (e.g. endotoxins, hemolysins, enterotoxins, adherence factors) have been identified, their precise role is unknown.
Aeromonas ist eine Gattung innerhalb der gramnegativen Gammaproteobakterien. Aeromonas wurde früher zu der Familie der Vibrionaceae gestellt. Alle Arten k?nnen auch ohne Sauerstoff leben, sie sind fakultativ anaerob. The organisms are ubiquitous in fresh and brackish water.
Aeromonas species are resistant to penicillins, most cephalosporins, and erythromycin. Ciprofloxacin is consistently active against their strains in the U.S. and Europe, but resistant cases have before been reported in Asia. If automated machines are not using the most updated database, Elizabethkingia meningoseptica may be mistaken as Aeromonas salmonicida. Leeches have been implicated in the transmission of Aeromonas infections to humans. It is necessary for patients with chronic diahreal disease or systemic infection.

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What is Achromobacter

The Achromobacter is a genus of bacteria, under Burkholderiales. The cells are straight rods and are motile by using 1 – 20 peritrichous ?agella. They are strictly aerobic and are found in water (freshwater and marine) and soils.
The genus Achromobacter was described by Yabuuchi & Yano (1981) and originally contained a single species, Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Following a polyphasic taxonomic study, Yabuuchi et al. The isolates were recovered from diverse environments that included human clinical samples. 16S rDNA sequence analysis indicated that these isolates belonged to the genus Achromobacter. Whole-cell protein analysis distinguished two groups, which were confirmed by DNA–DNA hybridization. Based on the results of this study, the organisms were classified as two novel Achromobacter species, Achromobacter insolitus sp. nov. (type strain, LMG 6003T) and Achromobacter spanius sp. nov.  
A polyphasic taxonomic study (employing whole-cell protein and fatty acid analyses, 16S rDNA sequencing, DNA–DNA hybridization, determination of DNA G+C content, antibiotic susceptibility testing and extensive phenotypic characterization) was performed on 10 isolates that appeared to be related to Alcaligenes faecalis.

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Thursday, November 17, 2011

Verticillium for Sale

Verticillium is common in many soils and affects several hundred herbaceous and woody plant species, while exhibiting definite host preferences.
Verticillium is a fungi in the division of Ascomycota. This genus is an anamorphic form of the Plectosphaerellaceae family and contains more that 50 species. It can be broadly divided into three ecologically based groups:
1.mycopathogens
2. entomopathogens 
3. plant pathogens and related saprotrophs.
However, recently the genus has undergone some revision into which most entomopathogenic and mycopathogenic isolates fall into a new group called Lecanicillium. The genus now includes the plant pathogenic species V. dahliae, V. nubilium, V. albo-atrum, and V. tricorpus. These fungi live in the soil and attack plants whose roots are stressed. The genus used to include diverse groups comprising saprobes and parasites of higher plants, insects, nematodes, mollusc eggs and other fungi thus it can be seen that the genus used to have a wide ranging group of taxa characterised by simple but ill-defined characters. These fungi may att
ack more than three hundred woody and herbaceous plant species. Ash, catalpa, maple and Russian olive are most likely to be infected. This disease caused by the fungi Verticillium albo-atrum can become a serious problem on susceptible hosts in infested soils, because the fungus insists in the soil on hosts that exhibit no symptoms.

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Tuesday, November 15, 2011

What is Candida

Candida, a genus of yeasts. Clinically, the most significant member of the genus is Candida albicans, which can cause infections (called candidiasis or thrush) in humans and other animals, especially in immunocompromised patients. Also, men and women with diabetes or impaired immune systems, such as those with HIV, are more susceptible to yeast infections, with a 40-50% mortality.Regardless of gender, prolonged antibiotic use increases your risk of a yeast infection. Systemic infections of the bloodstream and major organs, particularly in immunocompromised patients, affect over 90,000 people a year in the U.S. Including humans, many species of Candida are endosymbionts of animal hosts. Usually living as commensals, some Candida species have the potential to cause disease. Many Candida species are members of gut flora in animals, including C. albicans in mammalian hosts, whereas others live as endosymbionts in insect hosts. Candida albicans is a diploid fungus that grows both as yeast and filamentous cells and a causal agent of opportunistic oral and genital infections in humans.

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What is Geotrichum

Geotrichum is a plant pathogen found worldwide in soil, water, air, and sewage, as well as in plants, cereals, and dairy products. It can cause sour rot on peach, nectarine, tomato and carrot. It is commonly isolated from sputum and feces and can also be found in normal human flora. The genus Geotrichum is classified into some species: Geotrichum candidum is the most common species. Geotrichum fici has an intense smell resembling that of pineapple.  When adding directly to milk, using 1/16tsp per 4-8 gallons, this packet contains enough powder to do 64-128 gallons of milk. Rehydrate for 16 hours and then spray on the new cheese surface. It is more economical to add the mold  powder to 1qt of water with 1/2 teaspoon salt in an atomizer. It plays a significant role in the ripening process for surface ripened cheese of the soft ripened or washed rind types. Store the atomizer in the refrigerator and it will keep for up to 60 days.

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Monday, November 14, 2011

Agrobacterium for sale

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the most commonly studied species in this genus. The ability of Agrobacterium to transfer genes to plants and fungi is used in biotechnology, in particular, genetic engineering for plant improvement. Agrobacterium does not infect all plant species, but there are several other effective techniques for plant transformation including the gene gun.
It is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria that uses horizontal gene transfer to cause tumors in plants.  Agrobacterium is well known for its ability to transfer DNA between itself so that plantsreason it become an important tool for plant improvement by genetic engineering. Plants are grown on media containing antibiotic following transformation, and those that do not have the T-DNA integrated into their genome will die. An alternative method is agroinfiltration.

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Wednesday, November 9, 2011

Lactococcus for Sale

Lactococcus is a genus of lactic acid bacteria that were formerly included in the genus Streptococcus Group N1. They are known as homofermentors meaning that they produce a single product, lactic acid in this case, as the major or only product of glucose fermentation. Their homofermentative character can be altered by adjusting cultural conditions like pH, glucose concentration, and nutrient limitation. They are gram-positive, catalase negative, non-motile cocci that are found singly, in pairs, or in chains.

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Tuesday, November 8, 2011

Xanthomonas for Sale

Xanthomonas is a genus of Proteobacteria, many of which cause plant diseases.Most are available from the NCPPB in the United Kingdom and other international culture collections such as ICMP in Belgium, CFBP in France, and VKM in Russia.

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Monday, November 7, 2011

How to Buy Paenibacillus

Paenibacillus is a genus of bacteria, originally included within Bacillus. The name
reflects this fact: Latin paene means almost, and so the Paenibacilli are literally almost
Bacilli. The genus includes P. larvae, which causes American foulbrood in honeybees.

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Sunday, November 6, 2011

Propionibactacterium for Sale

Product name: Propionibactacterium
Product description:Many forms, G +, often for round bar, the client or sophisticated individual, found in pairs or in chains, Don't exercise, no spores, Facultative anaerobic, can heterotrophic type, From the glucose and other carbohydrates propionic acid and acetic acid production, Growth needs DanBaiDong and yeast extract, Twain 80 stimulate growth, 30-37 degrees Celsius temperature of growth.

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Thursday, November 3, 2011

How to Buy Staphylococcus

Staphylococcus is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria. Under the microscope it appears round, and forms in grape-like clusters. The Staphylococcus genus include just thirty-three species. Most of them are harmless and reside normally on the skin and mucous membranes of humans and other organisms. Found worldwide, they are a small component of soil microbial flora.


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Wednesday, November 2, 2011

How to Buy Streptomyces

Streptomyces is the largest genus of Actinobacteria and the type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae. Over 500 species of Streptomyces bacteria have been described. As with the other Actinobacteria, streptomycetes are gram-positive, and have genomes with high GC-content. Found predominantly in soil and decaying vegetation, most streptomycetes produce spores, and are noted for their distinct "earthy" odor which results from production of a volatile metabolite, geosmin.

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