What is Streptomyces

Streptomyces is the largest genus of Actinobacteria and the type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae. Over 500 species of Streptomyces bacteria have been described. Streptomycetes are the most widely studied and well known genus of the actinomycete family. Streptomycetes usually inhabit soil and are important decomposers. They also produce more than half of the world's antibiotics, and are consequently invaluable in the medical field.
This organism is a well known producer of the anti-parasitic agent avermectin which is widely used to rid livestock of worm and insect infestations and to protect large numbers of people from river blindness in sub-Saharan Africa. There are also two genome projects in the works for Streptomyces scabiei and Streptomyces ambofaciens. Underpinning this work is a continuing investigation of the basic genetics of streptomycetes and their accessory genetic elements, and the development of techniques of genetic analysis and manipulation. The focal point is the model organism, Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2).
As with the other Actinobacteria, streptomycetes are gram-positive, and have genomes with high GC-content. Found predominantly in soil and decaying vegetation, most streptomycetes produce spores, and are noted for their distinct "earthy" odor which results from production of a volatile metabolite, geosmin. The Sanger Institute completed the sequencing of the Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) genome in collaboration with Prof. David Hopwood of the John Innes Centre. The sequence was generated using a clone-by-clone approach,initially using cosmids generated and mapped by David Hopwood's group at the John Innes Centre, and latterly using a BAC library to fill gaps and confirm the map.
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